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Month: October 2023

Billionaires for Ending Democracy

Today’s Lineup

beige concrete building under blue sky during daytime
Photo by Ian Hutchinson on Unsplash

How billionaires are seeking to override our democratic institutions, why we should take Trump’s rantings seriously, Alexa claimed the 2020 elections were stolen, the cruelty of forced-birth advocates, reviewing how Elon Musk destroyed Twitter, the government is using facial recognition technology without safeguards, and Norwich City Football Club has an important message for all of us.

#1

Charles Koch’s audacious new $5 billion political scheme (Judd Legum and Tesnim Zekeria, Popular Information)

Billionaire Charles Koch, who will turn 88 on November 1, is funneling his wealth into two secretive organizations that can continue his right-wing political advocacy for years. Koch structured more than $5 billion in donations to exploit a loophole to allow him to avoid paying capital gains or gift taxes. It’s not surprising that Koch is familiar with the loophole — he spent hundreds of thousands of dollars lobbying to create it.

WHY I FIND IT INTERESTING: 

While far too many reporters still treat Charles Koch as if he was serious about following through on that ludicrous 2020 Wall Street Journal profile (in which Koch claimed he was leaving partisanship behind), financial records demonstrate that he has continued his overwhelming support of conservative causes. Koch has donated $5 billion to two 501(c)(4) organizations, which, since the Supreme Court’s Citizens United decision, have been able to engage directly in political campaigns without disclosing their donors. As Legum and Zekeria note, these loopholes have led the IRS to give up on enforcing limits on political donations. Spending hundreds of thousands of dollars on lobbyists to save upwards of $2 billion in taxes proved a good investment for Koch. These donations will create another long-term political legacy for him. And these loopholes demonstrate how every billionaire’s existence is a policy failure in a country that claims to prioritize democracy because it gives people with no accountability far too much power over the country and world in which we live.  

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#2

We Don’t Talk About Leonard: The Man Behind the Right’s Supreme Court Supermajority (by Andy Kroll, Andrea Bernstein and Ilya Marritz, ProPublica)

The party guests who arrived on the evening of June 23, 2022, at the Tudor-style mansion on the coast of Maine were a special group in a special place enjoying a special time. The attendees included some two dozen federal and state judges — a gathering that required U.S. marshals with earpieces to stand watch while a Coast Guard boat idled in a nearby cove.

Caterers served guests Pol Roger reserve, Winston Churchill’s favorite Champagne, a fitting choice for a group of conservative legal luminaries who had much to celebrate. The Supreme Court’s most recent term had delivered a series of huge victories with the possibility of a crowning one still to come. The decadeslong campaign to overturn Roe v. Wade, which a leaked draft opinion had said was “egregiously wrong from the start,” could come to fruition within days, if not hours.

Over dinner courses paired with wines chosen by the former food and beverage director of the Trump International Hotel in Washington, D.C., the 70 or so attendees jockeyed for a word with the man who had done as much as anyone to make this moment possible: their host, Leonard Leo.

WHY I FIND IT INTERESTING: 

Yes, it would have been better for everyone if there had been a focus on Leonard Leo and the Federalist Society’s efforts with leading Republican politicians to remake the Supreme Court before it overturned Roe v. Wade. So, let’s not make that mistake again. Leo is continuing his efforts to reshape the U.S. judicial system by adding state Attorneys General and state judges to his remit. And as I have covered before, he now has $1.6 billion to spend from a single donor to allow him to pursue his Christian Nationalist dreams. This ProPublica story—and the related new podcast series co-produced with On the Mediaexplores how Leo has been the center of a conservative-financed effort to remake our nation’s courts. Leo and his backers learned from their disappointments as Republican-nominated Justices refused opportunities to overturn Roe v. Wade. In response, they created a pipeline to ensure the right people would be the Justices to hear a series of cases designed to ensure that a new conservative Supreme Court supermajority would not fail them again. 

#3

The Former President’s Rants Are Promises

Screenshot of a tweet by Sawyer Hackett that the text: "Wow. Trump says if he’s elected he’ll implement “strong ideological screening” of all immigrants to the U.S.  One of his criteria: “if you don’t like our religion…then we don’t want you in our country.”
Click here to see the original tweet with video.

WHY I FIND IT INTERESTING: 

Ruth Ben-Ghiat, the author of Strongmen: From Mussolini to the Present, is one of the historians who have warned us for years about how democracies fall into authoritarian and fascism. In response to Nikki Haley—and other leading Republicans—refusal to condemn Donald Trump’s threat to execute Former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Mark Milley earlier this month, Ben-Ghiat told HuffPost’s Lee Moran, “Authoritarians always tell you what they are going to do as a kind of challenge and as a warning, and people don’t listen until it’s too late.” We must take Donald Trump’s rants seriously, even if too many political reporters won’t—because the rants are promises. He’s warned us. These are the stakes in 2024.

#4

Amazon’s Alexa has been claiming the 2020 election was stolen (Cat Zakrzewski, The Washington Post)

Amid concerns the rise of artificial intelligence will supercharge the spread of misinformation comes a wild fabrication from a more prosaic source: Amazon’s Alexa, which declared that the 2020 presidential election was stolen.

Asked about fraud in the race — in which Joe Biden defeated President Donald Trump with 306 electoral college votes — the popular voice assistant said it was “stolen by a massive amount of election fraud,” citing Rumble, a video-streaming service favored by conservatives.

The 2020 races were “notorious for many incidents of irregularities and indications pointing to electoral fraud taking place in major metro centers,” according to Alexa, referencing Substack, a subscription newsletter service. Alexa contended that Trump won Pennsylvania, citing “an Alexa answers contributor.”

Multiple investigations into the 2020 election have revealed no evidence of fraud, and Trump faces federal criminal charges connected to his efforts to overturn the election. Yet Alexa disseminates misinformation about the race, even as parent company Amazon promotes the tool as a reliable election news source to more than 70 million estimated users.

WHY I FIND IT INTERESTING: 

We are not ready for how bad actors will use artificial intelligence and other tools in disinformation efforts to try to influence the 2024 elections worldwide. An Amazon spokesperson claims only a small number of users heard these lies. Does that make it okay it happened? The fact that people lie about the 2020 election results should not be a surprise. We should be alarmed that Alexa and other seemingly legitimate sources of information do not have strong protections in place to prevent the dissemination of these lies. How will they keep up next year when we see fake photos, audio clips, and stories constantly pushed out by accounts on X/Twitter and other online platforms?

Thank you for reading Things I Find Interesting. This post is public so feel free to share it.

#5

Calculated Cruelty (Jessica Valenti, Abortion, Every Day)

More than a year after Roe’s demise, Americans are still furious and Republicans are still losing at the polls—but the anti-abortion movement is full steam ahead. They’re thinking bigger than ever, cultural and political backlash be damned. 

In addition to maintaining and expanding their state bans, activists are pushing for federal legislation, working to restrict birth control, funneling money to extremist crisis pregnancy centers, and making plans to open a national network of ‘maternity homes’. That’s to say nothing of their cultural campaigns to redefine birth control and preemptively blame doctors for the inevitable increases in maternal and infant death. 

And while it’s hard to imagine anything crueler than the suffering we’ve already seen, the movement’s latest project may give all of their other efforts a run for their money. 

The activists that decimated abortion rights have quietly rolled out a new initiative to pressure and force American women to carry doomed pregnancies to term.

WHY I FIND IT INTERESTING: 

One of the defining explanations for political developments in the Trump era was Adam Serwer’s observation that for Trump and his supporters, “the cruelty is the point.” The horrifying policies pushed by forced-birth supporters around the country highlight this observation. Jessica Valenti has been warning her Abortion, Every Day newsletter readers about the rise of policies designed to control and harm women and people who can become pregnant. The forced-birth activists are trying to keep women from having the information they need to make informed healthcare choices. We must be aware of these efforts to manipulate medical language to justify lying to pregnant people. We will hear more of them as forced-birth politicians seek to pass travel bans, enact contraception restrictions, and use misleading language to make voters think abortion bans are not real. 

#6

Join Me Over on BlueSky and Post

Elon Musk’s decisions have made Twitter/X unusable, as anyone trying to use the service to get accurate information about the Israel-Hamas War has learned. It is difficult to shift through all of the disinformation and fake accounts to find the news.

So, I have moved to BlueSky and Post to follow news and politics. Many of my favorite writers and political analysts have also moved to one or both of these Twitter alternatives. BlueSky is still invite-only, while Post is open to everyone.

I have a few BlueSky invitation codes I wanted to give the readers of this newsletter the first chance to use. Just go to this website and create an account by using one of the codes below. Each code can be used once, so if you get an error message, try another one. If all the codes are gone, email me at craigcheslog@substack.com, and I’ll send you an invite code directly as I get more of them.

  • bsky-social-vleyd-lrlfr
  • bsky-social-gz5ad-m32jx
  • bsky-social-xe6ux-4ltvm
  • bsky-social-hyg4i-vjec6
  • bsky-social-ieloo-r6cj3

#7

Elon Musk, Innovator (Ed Zitron, Ed Zitron’s Where’s Your Ed At)

Most companies eventually fail. The only real variable is the speed in which they do so..

While the slow declines of Blackberry and Nokia (at least, as consumer brands) were agonizing to watch, both were a result of a lack of foresight and an outright failure to recognize the significance of the threat that Android and iPhone devices posed. While they made many extremely questionable decisions, both companies died because their CEO (or Co-CEOs) refused to change with the times. One could say the same of AOL, or Blockbuster, or Radioshack, or any number of businesses that were blindsided by somebody a little leaner and more aggressive, and ultimately atrophied. This is oftentimes how a company fails — not as a result of pure boneheaded decisionmaking, but through a lack of awareness of what the market needs and a lack of willingness (or ability) to provide it.

In many ways, this makes Elon Musk one of the most innovative minds of the 21st Century.

WHY I FIND IT INTERESTING: 

Speaking of Elon, Ed Zitron explains just how remarkable it is to see how quickly a CEO can destroy a company. Every major decision Musk has made since taking over Twitter has made it a worse place for anyone who isn’t an alt-right or facist activist.

Musk spent $44 billion to ruin a social media company and his reputation. Zitron gives us a blow-by-blow review.

#8

GAO Report Shows the Government Uses Face Recognition with No Accountability, Transparency, or Training (Beryl Lipton and Matthew Guariglia, Electronic Frontier Foundation)

Thousands of face recognition searches have been conducted by the federal agents without training or policies. In the period GAO studied, at least 63,000 searches had happened, but this number is a known undercount. A complete count of face recognition use is not possible. The number of federal agents with access to face recognition, the number of searches conducted, and the reasons for the searches does not exist, because some systems used by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and Customs and Border Protection (CBP) don’t track these numbers. 

Our faces are unique and mostly permanent — people don’t usually just get a new one— and face recognition technology, particularly when used by law enforcement and government, puts into jeopardy many of our important rights. Privacy, free expression, information security, and social justice are all at risk. The technology facilitates covert mass surveillance of the places we frequent and the people we know. It can be used to make judgments about how we feel and behave. Mass adoption of face recognition means being able to track people automatically as they go about their day visiting doctors, lawyers, houses of worship, as well as friends and family. It also means that law enforcement could, for example, fly a drone over a protest against police violence and walk away with a list of everyone in attendance. Either instance would create a chilling effect wherein people would be hesitant to attend protests or visit certain friends or romantic partners knowing there would be a permanent record of it. 

WHY I FIND IT INTERESTING: 

We should only allow our government agencies to use facial recognition technology with significant safeguards in place. The Constitution’s protections should still apply when it comes to technology, especially technology that fails more often when used to (mis)identify people of color. Private companies are using this technology to punish critics. People have been falsely accused, arrested, and served time in jail because of mistakes made by facial recognition programs. We also should not be surprised how things can go wrong, given that an omnipotent surveillance state is a frequent plot in books, television shows, and movies. We have been warned. Now what?

The Closer

The social media team for the Norwich City Football Club, currently playing in the English Football League’s second-tier, produced this outstanding video for World Mental Health Day earlier this month. As the club noted, “At times, it can be obvious when someone is struggling to cope. But sometimes the signs are harder to spot. Check in on those around you.”

Yep. That’s worth doing every day. I hope you’ll watch this video.

Post-Game Comments

Today’s Thought from my Readwise collection:

“This is how elected autocrats subvert democracy—packing and “weaponizing” the courts and other neutral agencies, buying off the media and the private sector (or bullying them into silence), and rewriting the rules of politics to tilt the playing field against opponents. The tragic paradox of the electoral route to authoritarianism is that democracy’s assassins use the very institutions of democracy—gradually, subtly, and even legally—to kill it.” (Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt, How Democracies Die)

Thank you for reading Things I Find Interesting. This post is public so feel free to share it.

Thank you for reading my newsletter. Let me know what you think about what you’ve read. Send me things you’ve found interesting! You can email me at craigcheslog@substack.com. 

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The MAGA Red Caesar is My Roman Empire

Today’s Lineup

MAGA supporters are wishing for a Red Caesar to end American democracy in January 2025, how not to respond to a terror attack, AI-generated deep fakes in a Slovakian election raise warnings for future elections, the University of Pennsylvania owes Katalin Karikó an apology, remembering former Senator Dianne Feinstein’s moral clarity about torture, Republicans are trying to redefine abortion, and why we should be concerned that so many local elections officials have retired after facing conspiracy-fueled abuse.

man holding stick statue under blue sky during daytime
Photo of a statue of Julius Caesar by Nemanja Peric on Unsplash

#1

‘Red Caesarism’ is rightwing code – and some Republicans are listening (Jason Wilson, The Guardian)

In June, the rightwing academic Kevin Slack published a book-length polemic claiming that ideas that had emerged from what he called the radical left were now so dominant that the US republic its founders envisioned was effectively at an end.

Slack, a politics professor at the conservative Hillsdale College in Michigan, made conspiratorial and extreme arguments now common on the antidemocratic right, that “transgenderism, anti-white racism, censorship, cronyism … are now the policies of an entire cosmopolitan class that includes much of the entrenched bureaucracy, the military, the media, and government-sponsored corporations”.

In a discussion of possible responses to this conspiracy theory, he wrote that the “New Right now often discusses a Red Caesar, by which it means a leader whose post-Constitutional rule will restore the strength of his people.”

For the last three years, parts of the American right have advocated a theory called Caesarism as an authoritarian solution to the claimed collapse of the US republic in conference rooms, podcasts and the house organs of the extreme right, especially those associated with the Claremont Institute thinktank.

WHY I FIND IT INTERESTING: 

As Philadelphia Inquirer columnist Will Bunch explains, “If you’re not one of those dudes who thinks about Ancient Rome every day, let me translate. The alleged brain trust of an increasingly fascist MAGA movement wants an American dictatorship that would “suspend” democracy in January 2025 — just 15 months from now.” Yep. Sound the alarm klaxons. Whether we like it or not, these are the stakes of the next year’s election. Democracies are fragile institutions. MAGA leaders are not being subtle. Most Republican leaders (including the just-ousted Speaker Kevin McCarthy and his likely successors) have already refused to acknowledge the winner of one presidential election. Several red states are no longer democracies after gerrymandering and other abuses of electoral institutions. Trump advisors are discussing dismantling the civil service and independent federal agencies. I hope President Biden will focus his re-election campaign’s messaging on defending our democracy, building on his speech last month at the McCain Center. The American experiment in democracy is on the line in 2024.

Things I Find Interesting is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.

#2

How Not to Respond to a Terrorist Attack (Benjamin Wittes, Dog Shirt Daily)

I’m not, to be clear, always against war. And I accept that civilians sometimes get killed in warfare and, tragic as that is, it is an inherent part of the enterprise.

But the intentional targeting of civilians is always unacceptable. It is unacceptable when Russians do it Ukraine. Full stop.

It is unacceptable when Israeli settlers target Palestinian civilians with violence. Full stop.

And it is unacceptable when Palestinians, using thousands of rockets and hundreds of gunmen, indiscriminately kill hundreds of Israeli civilians. Full stop.

Beyond this rather banal insistence on the most basic premise of the law of armed conflict, I am not certain what the right way to respond to the horrific, murderous surprise attack launched last night from Gaza is.

WHY I FIND IT INTERESTING: 

I am horrified by the reports and pictures coming out of Israel in the wake of the attack by Hamas. Most of the analysis so far has been polarized finger-pointing with little value beyond the social media engagement it creates. We should be clear on a few principles. Civilians should never be targeted in an armed engagement. Civilians should never live in a state of fear over possible terror attacks. Civilians should never live in a state of siege. Wittes’ newsletter includes seven ways not to respond to what has happened, especially while dealing with imperfect information created by the fog of war. Alastair Campbell (the former communications director under Labour Prime Minister Tony Blair) and Rory Stewart (a former Conservative Member of Parliament and Government Minister until Boris Johnson revoked his party membership) had one of the most informative conversations I heard about what is happening in Israel and the events that led up to this horror in today’s emergency episode of their Rest is Politics podcast. While not a conversation for today, I believe Campbell and Stewart are correct to note that we will eventually need to consider the international community’s failures to focus on the Israel-Palestinian dispute even as the situation has obviously been deteriorating. 

#3

Slovakia’s Election Deepfakes Show AI Is a Danger to Democracy (Morgan Meaker, Wired)

Just two days before Slovakia’s elections, an audio recording was posted to Facebook. On it were two voices: allegedly, Michal Šimečka, who leads the liberal Progressive Slovakia party, and Monika Tódová from the daily newspaper Denník N. They appeared to be discussing how to rig the election, partly by buying votes from the country’s marginalized Roma minority.

Šimečka and Denník N immediately denounced the audio as fake. The fact-checking department of news agency AFP said the audio showed signs of being manipulated using AI. But the recording was posted during a 48-hour moratorium ahead of the polls opening, during which media outlets and politicians are supposed to stay silent. That meant, under Slovakia’s election rules, the post was difficult to widely debunk. And, because the post was audio, it exploited a loophole in Meta’s manipulated-media policy, which dictates only faked videos—where a person has been edited to say words they never said—go against its rules.

The election was a tight race between two frontrunners with opposing visions for Slovakia. On Sunday it was announced that the pro-NATO party, Progressive Slovakia, had lost to SMER, which campaigned to withdraw military support for its neighbor, Ukraine.

WHY I FIND IT INTERESTING: 

I am pessimistic about the ability of our political institutions and media outlets to manage the inevitable AI-generated faked audio messages and videos that will emerge during election campaigns next year—including in the United States, India, the United Kingdom, and the European Union. We see examples daily of how rapidly misinformation can spread online. We need to discuss these dynamics more so people are prepared to notice when a fake message appears. Will media outlets focus on debunking such claims? What can we expect from social media outlets like Facebook and Twitter? Are campaigns ready to respond? I am quite pessimistic.

#4

After Shunning Scientist, University of Pennsylvania Celebrates Her Nobel Prize (Gregory Zuckerman, The Wall Street Journal)

The University of Pennsylvania is basking in the glow of two researchers who this week were awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine for their pioneering work on messenger RNA.

Until recently, the school and its faculty largely disdained one of those scientists.

Penn demoted Katalin Karikó, shunting her to a lab on the outskirts of campus while cutting her pay. Karikó’s colleagues denigrated her mRNA research and some wouldn’t work with her, according to her and people at the school. Eventually, Karikó persuaded another Penn researcher, Drew Weissman, to work with her on modifying mRNA for vaccines and drugs, though most others at the school remained skeptical, pushing other approaches. 

Karikó hasn’t only proven her detractors wrong but also reached the pinnacle of science. Her research with Weissman helped lead to the mRNA vaccines that protected people worldwide during the Covid-19 pandemic and now shows promise for flu, cancer and other diseases.

WHY I FIND IT INTERESTING: 

Even for an Ivy League institution, the University of Pennsylvania demonstrated extravagant hubris by taking public credit for Karikó’s Nobel Prize even after demoting her in 1995 and stating that her work was “not of faculty quality.” Where’s the apology? The sorry for the misunderstanding? Our bad? We owe Karikó a debt for persevering in her research. Penn should note how badly she was treated earlier in her career. And I also recommend reading this 2021 Glamour magazine profile of Karikó: The Scientist Who Saved the World

#5

Let’s Not Forget Dianne Feinstein’s Moral Clarity on Torture (Jeff Stein, Spy Talk)

The debate over the use of torture in the post-9/11 era has been one of the most contentious and morally charged issues in American politics. At the center of this storm stood Senator Dianne Feinstein, a figure whose principled stand and unwavering commitment to transparency redefined the discourse surrounding CIA torture practices.

Lost in all the rightful distress about octogenarians in Congress (not to mention the White House) reignited by Feinstein’s passing, is her landmark work exposing the evils and inefficiencies of waterboarding, beatings and sleep deprivations employed under the CIA’s “enhanced interrogations” program. To this day, many of the CIA’s post-9/11 leaders and their boosters refuse to call it torture, even though we prosecuted Japanese officers as war criminals for using the exact same techniques on American prisoners.

WHY I FIND IT INTERESTING: 

I appreciated Jeff Stein’s focus on the late Senator Dianne Feinstein’s (D-California) vital efforts to expose the CIA’s post-9/11 torture regime. It may have been her most important work in a historic—if complicated—career in public life. She had to fight the CIA and other elements of the Obama Administration to bring this report to the American people. It would have been easier for her to go along with the flow and minimize the torture regime. But Feinstein took the Congressional oversight role on this issue seriously. The Senator and her staff fought to expose what happened and to get our nation to learn from this moral failure. If you’d like to learn more, this Connie Bruck New Yorker article from June 2015 details what Feinstein and her team faced as they did this vital work. 

Thank you for reading Things I Find Interesting. This post is public so feel free to share it.

#6

Now Republicans Are Trying to Redefine Abortion Itself (Jessica Valenti, New York Times)

In the year since Roe v. Wade was overturned, the Republican Party has tested out constantly changing talking points and messages on abortion in an attempt to make its anti-abortion policies sound less extreme. Conservatives are even considering moving away from the term “pro-life,” fearing that voters have newly negative associations with the label.

With post-Roe outrage showing no sign of waning, strategists are pushing a new lexicon on abortion — medically, legally and culturally. Some Republicans have abandoned the term “ban” when speaking about anti-abortion legislation, for example. Now they’re pushing for a 15-week “standard” on abortion — which, to be clear, would be a ban. Americans overwhelmingly oppose strict abortion bans, so Republicans are moving away from the term.

Republicans hope that by changing the way Americans talk about abortion, it might help change the way they feel about abortion — which is, right now, very pro-choice.

WHY I FIND IT INTERESTING: 

Jessica Valenti, the author of the Abortion, Every Day newsletter, has been tracking how Republican politicians have tried to spin their unpopular efforts to ban abortion and other reproductive health procedures. We are already seeing some reporters and pundits adjust how they describe these abortion bans due to these efforts. We are witnessing Republican candidates in Virginia run ads falsely claiming they do not favor an abortion ban through these misleading techniques. We do not need to fall for it. We can also insist that reporters refuse to go along with these attempts to deceive the electorate. Valenti does an outstanding job of uncovering and tracking these issues in her must-read newsletter

#7

In some states, more than half of the local election officials have left since 2020 (Miles Parks, National Public Radio)

In some battleground states, more than half of the local election administrators will be new since the last presidential race, according to a new report from the democracy-focused advocacy group Issue One shared exclusively with NPR before its release.

“Local county clerk is not a glamorous job,” Daniels said. “We’re not paying people in local election administrative jobs enough to be the subject of public scrutiny, particularly when that public scrutiny is often misguided and misinformed.”

The Issue One report focused on 11 western states and found that the problem of voting official turnover is particularly acute in the region’s swing states, where conspiracies have flourished.

WHY I FIND IT INTERESTING: 

The loss of experienced election officials could lead to horrible outcomes in the 2024 elections. This turnover could result in mistakes that will be spun into election conspiracies by people unwilling to accept that their opponents can win an election. We have allowed these public servants to experience extreme criticism from people not acting in good faith. We should prepare for the inevitable efforts to steal close elections next year. I do not believe our institutions are prepared for what is coming.

Post-Game Comments

Today’s Thought:

“Turning and turning in the widening gyre
The falcon cannot hear the falconer;
Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;
Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world,
The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere
The ceremony of innocence is drowned;
The best lack all conviction, while the worst
Are full of passionate intensity.” —
William Butler Yeats, The Second Coming

Thank you for reading Things I Find Interesting. This post is public so feel free to share it.

Thank you for reading my newsletter. Let me know what you think about what you’ve read. Send me things you’ve found interesting! You can email me at craigcheslog@substack.com. 

Please help me spread the word about this newsletter by sharing this post via email or on the social media network of your choice. And if you haven’t already, please consider signing up for a free or paid subscription. 

Things I Find Interesting is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.